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Risk reducing mastectomy
Some women have a higher than normal risk of developing breast cancer. This is because they have had breast cancer before or inherited a particular gene (e.g. BRCA-1 or BRCA-2) and there is a history of breast cancer in the family. Usually, when a high risk of developing breast cancer is identified, the option of a risk reducing mastectomy may be considered. Although this does not remove all risk of breast cancer, it reduces the risk significantly.
Mastectomy for symmetrisation
Sometimes people have undergone a mastectomy due to cancer treatment but are left ‘lop-sided’ with unequal breasts. For some people, they would prefer to have no breasts at all than unequal breasts and so request a mastectomy for symmetrisation.
The decision, for both types of surgery, is a serious one because it is a big operation that cannot be reversed and like all surgery has its own risks. There are additional considerations, such as whether to have a breast reconstruction or whether to wear prostheses.